Differentiation:
While
studying totipotency, it is stated that the dedifferentiation and
redifferentiation processes result in the differentiated plant organs, finally
producing a whole plant. In case of plants, the differentiation is reversible
but in animals, it is irreversible.
The term
differentiation describes the development of different cell types as well as
the development of organised structures like roots, shoots, buds, etc., from
cultured cells or tissue.
Differentiation
may also be defined in simple words as the development change of a cell
which leads to its performance of specialised function. However, normally
morphological characteristics. For example, differentiation accounts for the
origin of different types of cells, tissues and organs during the formation of
a complete multicellular organism (or an organ) from a single-celled zygote.
Actually,
the development of an adult organism starting from a single cell occurs as a
result of the combined functioning of cell division and cell differentiation.
Various techniques of tissue culture provide not only a scope of studying the
factors governing totipotency of cells but also serves for the investigation of
patterns and factors controlling the differentiation.
Types
of Differentiation:
As stated
earlier also, the plant cells have a tendency to remain in a quiescent stage
which may be reverted to the meristematic stage. This process is termed as
dedifferentiation and as a result of this, a homogeneous undifferentiated mass
of tissue i.e., callus is formed. There callus cells then differentiate into
different types of cells or an organ or an embryo.
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